This rebellion is part of the indigenous mobilizations of the 1730s, a period characterized by a concerted alliance between different Guaycuru groups to resist the advance of Spanish colonization. Guaycuru was a generic name given to several nomadic indigenous groups who lived in the Great Chaco region, known for their hostility to colonization, the ferocity of their actions and their dexterity in using horses. These groups, mainly Toba and Mocovi, intensified their attacks in 1734, occupying territories on the borders of Jujuy, Salta, San Miguel and Córdoba. On January 5, 1735, the Mocovis carried out their most important attack, raiding the Salta valley. The group was composed of about 1,000 Indians, who penetrated the area in three bodies. They assaulted Jesuit properties and Spanish haciendas, arrived at the gates of the city of Salta, killed more than 300 people and captivated others, obtaining also a rich booty. Of the captives, some would be put into service and others ransomed. They did not enter the city, because it was heavily defended and counted on the aid of their neighbors from the city of San Miguel. Following their withdrawal, a force of about 150 Salteños began pursuing the Mocovis. That same year, the newly appointed governor of Tucuman, Matías de Anglés, led a campaign to clear the Palpala valley and subdue the Toba. A presidio was also built in Salta as part of a plan to recover the frontier lands. These measures did not produce the expected results, as the Guaycuru continued their attacks during the 1740s.